Quant Token (QNT)

Quant Network was founded by Gilbert Verdian, Gilbert is focused on unlocking the power of blockchain for everyone, to create an empowered, interconnected world.

Gilbert has more than 20 years of cybersecurity experience and C-level accountability as a CISO, CIO, and CTO. He has worked in government-for Downing Street, HM Treasury, the Cabinet Office, Ministry of Justice, and NSW Health–and has also served in the private sector, at Mastercard, Vocalink, CSC, EY, PwC, BP, and HSBC.

Gilbert found out about Bitcoin in 2009 and has been pushing both the public and private sectors to adopt blockchain technologies. With a keen interest in disruptive technology, Gilbert established the Blockchain ISO Standard TC307 initiative in 2015 and is the Convenor of the Interoperability working group WG7for ISO.

This Blockchain ISO Standard TC307 is currently being used by almost 60 countries around the world to guide their blockchain development. In contrast to popular opinion, Gilbert doesn't believe there will be one blockchain to rule them all. This is because there is no one size fits all solution to the thousands of blockchain use cases. It is also improbable that even a single institution would always use the identical blockchain. This is exactly what Gilbert saw when working at these various institutions. Gilbert realized that what private and public institutions need is the ability to interact with any blockchain they want in a simple manner. They need a technology that would automatically allocate whatever application they made to the blockchain which would best suit their needs.

In December 2017, Gilber officially announced Quant Network, a cryptocurrency project which is building a blockchain operating system that is interoperable with every blockchain in existence.

Quant Network doesn't have its own blockchain and doesn't intend to have one either, because blockchains have many use cases but hosting an operating system is not one of them. Creating a globally interoperable blockchain would not only be expensive and time-consuming but would also make creating a robust operating system much more complex than it needs to be. In addition, the technology used by Quant Network is not open source and it has been patented.

The Quant Network is made up of two key elements.

1. Over Ledger OS, an interoperable blockchain operating system that allows anyone to create multi-chain applications (mApps). mApps are made up of treaty contacts which make it possible for smart contracts from separate blockchains to interact in an automated manner. Over Ledgegr OS make it possible to build applications using multiple blockchains instead of a single blockchain.

Source: Coin Bureau

Overledger OS is based on Kubernetes technology, which was originally designed by Google and is a highly scalable system for automating application deployment, scaling, and management. Kubernetes is used to ensure that an application can be used by thousands of people without fail.

The Quant Overledger operating system (OS) is the first gateway for distributed ledger technology (DLT). Overledger was created to connect existing DLT systems for enterprises, public organizations, and regulatory bodies. Quant is an interoperable communications protocol providing a network for developers and enterprises to connect and interact with multiple DLTs at the same time.

With several live patented products and plenty more in the development pipeline, Quant offers enterprise-ready solutions. Furthermore, these solutions are future-proof, providing scaling options with no increased overhead. The Quant network ensures the interoperable transfer of digital assets across any protocol or platform, on any type of distributed ledger.

Known as the “Enterprise 5”, Quant’s Overledger DLT Gateway supports the top enterprise-used blockchains. These are Ethereum, JPM Quorum, XRP ledger, Hyperledger Fabric, and R3 Corda. The Overledger DLT Gateway also supports some of the largest other blockchains including Bitcoin, Binance Chain, and EOS.

2. Over Ledger Network consists of all parties building apps with the over ledger operating system. These parties are divided into two categories, community participants and enterprise participants. Both must pay license fees on an annual basis to Quant Network to use the Overledger OS in order to build apps. License fees to access Overledger’s production environment are approximately £100 paid in QNT

Source: Medium

In June 2020, Overledger Network became operational. Currently, Overledger Network supports multiple distributed ledger networks. These include Ethereum, Bitcoin, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, Quorum, and XRP Ledger. By the end of 2021, Overledger Network is expected to be integrated into National and Regional Distributed Ledger Networks. This will allow Overledger to provide access to DLT infrastructures across the world.

Overledger Network connects several public, private, and commercial distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) via Overledger DLT gateways. This is achieved by providing a range of DLT tools and resources as a REST API, or, representational state transfer application programming interface. REST APIs are designed to utilize existing protocols to their fullest extent while allowing developers to build applications without the need to download entirely new libraries or software. Also, in the future, we can expect Overledger Network to integrate with other open digital assets (ODAP) compliant protocols.

Overledger Network provides “world-leading DLT interoperability”. Overledger makes it fast and simple to establish trading relationships and monetize data assets and services that can be utilized in Overledger applications. Also, Overledger users can increase their return on investment (ROI) in DLTs by removing many of the barriers to interoperability between different types of DLTs and making them accessible to enterprise developers.

Moreover, Overledger Network is currently being used in supply chain management, finance, and the energy sector. As an extension of Quant’s core technology, Overledger Network makes it possible to build all kinds of new cross-DLT applications. By connecting data providers across multiple DLT systems, this technology unlocks silos across organizations and industries in a way that can streamline and digitize business processes.

Token Utility

The QNT (Quant) token is regulated by FINMA as a utility token that is intended to provide digital access to an application or service. Access to the Overledger Operating System is only possible through the use of QUANT (QNT) tokens, i.e. QNT tokens must be provided to Quant Network in exchange for an annual license or platform fee. The price of the access will be a fixed FIAT amount and the number of tokens needed will vary depending on the price of the token at the time of purchase.

Every user who wants to use a MApp or a Developer or an Enterprise who wants to develop MApps needs to hold QNT tokens. Without QNT you can’t connect to Overledger and MApps won’t run. It’s the same as a license key people have to hold to access the ecosystem and run applications. Same as Apple with Apple ID — which is linked to keys on your Apple device to access the App Store and run iOS apps, or Office365 and how they license their products.

The wallet storing QNT is your identity, the private key is your password and with the license fee, you are assigned a BPI key. This key is used to access the Overledger Ecosystem for your MApps and users etc.

When you buy a license, the tokens are taken out of circulation. They have an approach to lock them into a smart contract until the license expires, and then it needs to be renewed. The other approach is to take them out of circulation and move them into the Treasury. Licenses then can be renewed each year.

Licenses

To be able to use the platform, developers, gateway operators and enterprises have to purchase annual licenses. Licenses are paid in FIAT, which the Quant Treasury then converts to the equivalent amount of QNT. This means enterprises don’t have to worry about purchasing QNT directly from exchanges as the treasury handles that for them. An Overledger Network Oracle will be providing the pricing for USD to QNT conversion.

The QNT purchased for the annual licenses are locked up in layer 2 payment channels for 12 months, thereby reducing the circulating supply and token velocity of QNT, whilst granting developers access to the system. After 12 months, the license expires and the locked QNT is moved to the QNT Treasury. To continue to be able to access the system the developer must renew their license, repeating the process, resulting in QNT being locked up for a further 12 months. This creates a constant yearly demand for QNT and as the platform grows exponentially, so too will the number of licenses required to be purchased each year.

Developer Licenses

Quant Overledger is an Enterprise DLT operating system, that connects to any DLT and Application Programming Interface (API) based systems providing scalable interoperability. It exposes their combined functionality through a single API and allows coordinated transactions and business processes to happen across all the connected DLTs and API-based systems.

In order to leverage all their DLTs assets together, organizations can license and run Overledger for internal use and deploy it on-prem or in their own cloud instance. A single API for application development provides all the functionality of all the DLTs they have deployed, with Multi-chain Smart Contracts extending current DLT Smart Contract functionality across all the connected DLTs.

Developers will be able to obtain an annual license to develop applications on Overledger through the purchase of QNT tokens, equivalent to a fixed FIAT amount. The developer wallet will in turn be authorized to access the platform for the length of the license period (i.e. annual), as well as develop, sign, and publish applications.

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Source: Medium

Overledger Network Enterprise License

Overledger Network for Enterprise also allows organizations with an appropriate business model and controls to make their own in-house DLT assets available to partners, group organizations, and third-party developers, and make revenue from the use of those assets in a secure trusted ecosystem of the Overledger Network.

Any number of organizations running Overledger can connect and do business across their DLTs by connecting their Overledger Gateways, either privately or through the Overledger Network for Enterprise, to create a trusted, private business platform across and between their industries. The Overledger Network ecosystem can connect to all the DLTs, globally, that organizations need to do business, and present them in a single API, with a vibrant marketplace of applications and with the simplicity and ease of use of today’s Internet — with the trust, privacy, and security that only distributed ledger technology can provide.

Enterprise license fees will be determined on the basis of:

• number of users

• number of employees

• types and number of applications (internal, external, native applications or web-based etc)

• the volume of Overledger transactions

Source: Medium

Overledger Network Gateway Operator License

For enterprises wishing to offer others access to their in-house DLT functionality or data, whether partners or on the open market, Overledger Gateways are the solution. Overledger Gateways connect public or private DLTs to the Overledger Network, making their assets available (with full control, at a price you set) to applications, both in-house or on the marketplace. With Overledger Gateways, customers can also connect new public DLTs to Overledger Network, or offer connectivity to existing public DLTs, and gain transactional revenues

Community members can also run gateways to earn a percentage of transactions that pass through their Gateway to resources they make available. If you already host blockchain nodes and participate in different networks, you can complement your node infrastructure with Overledger Network Gateways and also earn QNT transaction fees on top of your blockchain node rewards and earnings.

Through open source connectors (explained later in the article) developers and operators will be able to add any type of data sources and resources to their gateway connector and advertise them to the rest of the network. By having unique data sources, and resources on the Overledger Network, all requests of that resource will be linked directly to your Gateway to be the designated Gateway for that particular service.

Source: Medium

Platform fees

In addition to the license fee and developer license approach, enterprises also have to pay a platform fee calculated as a percentage of the license fee in QNT. QNT will be obtained and managed through the Treasury by Quant Network on behalf of the client at a given day’s rate.

Add-on services

Quant will be releasing enterprise add-on services that provide additional features and services which can also be consumed as middleware. These will be released with updates to Overledger for Enterprise to utilize.

Users

End Users will also need to hold QNT to be able to run mdApps and access the Overledger ecosystem. The license key will expire annually and must be renewed using only QNT. This is a similar approach to the Apple App store. It’s a marketplace, where you pay Apple £1000 for an iPhone which has the keys in the device to access the app store and run and use ios apps. Rather than purchase the phone the license is acquired to access the ecosystem. (Note please don’t take this as each user needs to spend £1000 a year to access the platform as that is not the case, it is just an example showing how Apple charges for access to the platform by selling the phone with the keys)

Community treasury

The community treasury is a Multi-Chain Decentralised Application (MDAPP) operating in a trustless manner with the use of Layer 2 unidirectional payment channels. This enables scalability of payments for transaction fees in QNT, with the vast majority of transactions being performed off-chain instantly, with only minimal transactions being done on-chain such as the opening and closing of channels and random reconciliations). This means despite QNT being an ERC20 token, it doesn’t matter about Ethereum’s low tps or high ETH fees.

The community treasury's role is to handle QNT payments flowing from users to the gateways in such a way as to disincentivize faulty behaviour from any user or gateway, and to do so in a manner where it can be held accountable to any observer.

Each payment channel created will hold a certain amount of QNT funded by the creator of the channel and the channel is set to expire after a declared time period after which all unclaimed QNT can be reclaimed by the channel creator. The creator of the channel can increase the amount of QNT and adjust the timeout period for the channel. The receiver in the channel can claim a certain amount of QNT from the channel when certain conditions are met such as providing proof they have received an off-chain transaction sent to them by the creator.

Consumption Fees

Consumption fees are paid for the usage of Overledger as well as to gateways for performing functions as part of the Overledger Network. As QNT is on the Ethereum blockchain, the community treasury uses uni-directional payment channels to vastly increase transaction throughput as well as minimize transaction fee costs.

The payment channels require a lockup of QNT in order to be used. The more QNT locked up and the longer, the cheaper QNT transaction will be as more transactions are sent off-chain. Thus, reducing the token velocity compared to other platforms used for transaction fees and longer and bigger QNT lockups would be beneficial for the QNT market price.

Overledger

Enterprises and Developers will need to pay for reading and writing to Overledger. Developers will need to make payment in QNT based on a FIAT value whilst enterprises will pay in FIAT which then gets converted to QNT through the treasury. As enterprises will have larger volumes of usage, there will be multiple payment options for:

• pay-as-you-go

• pay in arrears

• pay in advance (pre-pay)

• unlimited usage

• number of users

Overledger Network

The community treasury allows developers to pay gateway owners QNT to use their resources. Each developer has a uni-directional payment channel open to the community treasury, the community treasury has a uni-directional payment channel open to each Gateway, and the community treasury is responsible for routing payments between the developer and gateway channels.

A gateway will earn a fee in QNT for every function request correctly processed before the response timeout limit. These fees will accumulate in a Treasury to Gateway payment channel, the total of which can be claimed whenever required.

Users

Users will each need to deposit an amount of QNT that will be used to pay fees to gateways for processing functions. This deposit will be used to fund a payment channel between the user and the community treasury. Any fees that haven’t been spent when the channel times out / is closed will be returned to the user.

The user also has to deposit a small amount of QNT to cover the cost of any penalties for raising incorrect disputes. This dispute deposit is not expected to be large but is used to disincentivize a user from raising many unnecessary disputes and is returned if no unnecessary disputes are raised.

Source: Medium

MDAPP Store

Quant’s vision is to build an ecosystem around Overledger, allowing for developers and Enterprise to innovate, create value and build game-changing multi-chain applications for users and their customers. They plan to foster innovation by directly incentivizing developers with an App Store model akin to Apple and Google stores but instead for Blockchain enabled Multi chain Decentralised Applications (MDApps).

Quant Network will be giving Developers the choice of using the best business model for their Multi-chain Decentralised Apps, in line with the market’s expectations via any of the following four revenue models:

• Freemium Model. In this model, users don’t pay to download or use the Multi-chain Dapp. But they can pay to get access to additional sets of features.

• Paid Model. In this model, users pay once to download the mdApp and use all of its functionality. No additional charges will apply.

• Subscription Model. In this model, users pay for a (daily/monthly/annual) subscription to use the mdApp.

• In-App Model. In this model, users are able to download the mdApp for free (or at a cost) but are charged when they use in-app functionality. Developers independently decide how much to charge users for their apps.

Overledger Network Marketplace

The Overledger Network Marketplace is an ecosystem where data holders and service providers, can advertise and sell services, data, APIs and any other off-chain or on-chain integration or resource you can connect to your gateways for the ecosystem to consume. Quant is building the Marketplace directory and front-end to start listing services. The Gateway’s service or data is then published to the rest of the network to build applications (mdApps) with and for users to consume and use.

You, as the data owner and gateway operator, set the price and the rules for the use of the data or service. You can set the transaction fee in QNT for each service, transaction, or event for consumers to buy from you in QNT. This payment of your service or data is managed through the payment channels in the Treasury where you are paid directly to your wallet through the Treasury as the intermediary between buyer and seller. The Treasury facilitates all the transactions between parties and takes a percentage of the transaction as fees.

Members of the Overledger Network ecosystem will be able to buy and consume services, and data with payments handled by the Overledger Network Community Treasury, further increasing the demand for QNT, and locking more in payment channels.

Open Source Connectors

Quant will be releasing open source connectors so that developers can connect any blockchain or API to Overledger Network and be part of the Network of Networks. Based on globally recognized standards that Gilbert founded — ISO TC 307 and which 57 countries are working towards, this model can be reused to connect to distributed databases, big data providers, APIs and any type of service a gateway wants to provide.

The integration of open source connectors to the Overledger Network will provide organic ecosystem growth. The increased variety of data sources and services will lead to more complex multiple chain apps being developed, which should, in turn, drive further connectors to be developed.

Pick and Mix — Combine any blockchain and API-based system to create new products

DeFi on Ethereum enabled DAPPs to easily interoperate with each other and be combined to build exciting new products. This combing multiple projects together is exactly what Overledger has set out to achieve from the start with Multi-Chain Decentralised Applications. Rather than being restricted to combining projects within a single ecosystem like Ethereum, Overledger enables developers to utilize multiple different blockchains to tailor-make their application to take full advantage of the benefits of each of the blockchains without having to compromise on a single one, as well as integrate with any API based system (Pretty much everything has an API nowadays). Treaty contracts enable smart contracts across multiple blockchains to take this to another level.

The idea of combining apps goes far beyond just Defi, this is what the future of all applications will be, interacting with Supply Chain, Decentralised Identities, Financial platforms, healthcare, IoT, as well as interacting with non-blockchain networks. All in a scalable interoperable way, following globally recognized standards and without imposing restrictions on the underlying blockchains or adding additional overhead/latency/bottleneck.

The Overledger Network will enable developers to select their favourite blockchains and API services and combine them to build exciting new products with scalable interoperability.

Multi-Chain Oracles

Data providers can sell their off-chain data and make it available to the entire Overledger Network ecosystem by running an Overledger Gateway. Unlike other oracle solutions, it signs the data at source with bank-grade security, ensuring it hasn’t been tampered with in transit, whilst enabling access to be controlled in a private and scalable way. Off-Chain aggregation by querying multiple gateways using multiple sources means value gets transferred to the data providers rather than being lost by paying extortionate gas fees to miners, enabling frequent updates for accurate price feeds rather than at infrequent time intervals.

As an example, a gateway operator decides to integrate this off-chain data for historical USD/GBP FX rates and is selling the data for 1QNT for each day’s rates. All participants of the ecosystem will be able to see the listed service and data offered to buy and consume. Overledger Network participants can see the advertised data and service, and consume it directly from the Gateway, paying the Operator the price for the data, handled by the Treasury through payment channels. Driving further demand for QNT and more locked-in payment channels.

You can also run cross-chain oracles to serve the Overledger and wider DLT ecosystem by creating MDAPPs that can operate as oracles across networks aimed at enterprise, institutional, and developer oracle needs.

Gateway Staking

Gateway Operators will have to lock QNT (Stake) to be able to process requests within Overledger Network. The more QNT that the operator stakes, the more requests the gateway is authorized to handle. If the gateway returns faulty data / malevolent behaviour, then the deposit gets slashed as punishment to incentivize correct behaviour.

Staking is also required for helping prioritize gateway operators when there are multiple gateways that can transact the same resources. The gateways that have staked more QNT with the Treasury, will be ranked in terms of priority by the algorithm to determine who will receive the transaction request.

As volumes of QNT are going to be locked up, Quant is exploring options with new partners and looking at introducing QNT Staking for Gateway operators to opt-in to a staking service, facilitated by the Treasury to make better use of stationary QNT, where your locked-up license will be able to earn staking rewards facilitated by a regulated 3rd party. This will lead to more QNT being locked up and taken out of the circulating supply and further reduce token velocity.

Signing of Transactions

To enforce confidentiality and integrity, QNT is used to validate with the option to sign and encrypt every transaction that flows through Overledger. Every enterprise client, developer, user, and application (mdApp) validates each transaction using their QNT linked to their mdAppID and bpiKey. — No transactions can flow through Overledger without being securely validated by QNT. — No 3rd party can view or tamper with transactions and their contents, including Quant when signed and encrypted.

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